Sales

How To Negotiate A Retainer Fee With A New Client

Are you a freelancer or independent contractor who is currently only closing clients on a per-project basis?

Do your clients only pay you once you complete a project, and are they often late paying your invoices?

If so, it’s time to learn how to negotiate a retainer agreement with your clients. I believe that closing clients on a monthly retainer fee is the best business model for freelancers, or anyone trying to succeed in the gig economy.

Closing clients on a monthly retainer fee is the best business model for freelancers, or anyone trying to succeed in the gig economy. Share on X

Retainer contracts are formal, written agreements made between a freelancer, consultant or independent contractor and their client.

A retainer agreement means that the client is agreeing to pay for your services in advance, thus retaining your services.

A retainer fee is a fixed fee that the client agrees to pay based on their anticipated need for your services, and the anticipated volume of work.

The fixed fee is either a single advance payment, a recurring monthly fee, or an annual fee.

The benefit of successfully negotiating a retainer agreement for the freelancer is obvious: Guaranteed, predictable, and consistent income that they can count on.

It’s not just the freelancer who prefers being paid via a retainer fee. Many clients prefer retainers, too. Why? Because it means they’ll secure your services.

Essentially, the client is securing your commitment with a retainer fee.

Your clients are promising advance payment in order to hold your services for a given period of time.

Why would a client want to pay in advance to guarantee your dedication to them? It’s usually because you have a highly sought-after, in-demand skill – or it’s because you’re great at what you do.

If the client perceives your services or your specific skills to be in high demand, they will be motivated to sign a retainer agreement to ensure they don’t lose you to a different client who was willing to sign one.

That’s why people with high income skills are successful at closing retainer contracts.

If the client perceives your services or your specific skills to be in high demand, they will be motivated to sign a retainer agreement to ensure they don’t lose you to a different client who was willing to sign one. Share on X

Should You Propose a Retainer Agreement to New Clients?

If you have a few clients who currently give you steady work each month, it’s completely appropriate to propose a monthly retainer fee. But what about new clients? You might feel nervous asking a new client to sign a retainer agreement.

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Freelancers often feel more comfortable proposing retainer agreements to existing clients with whom they’ve already built a good rapport, and clients who already regularly request their services.

It’s these clients who are more likely to see the value of formalizing an agreement and developing a long-term partnership.

New clients, however, might be less likely to agree to retain your services, since they haven’t yet seen how skilled you are.

But is it still possible to convince a new client to sign a retainer agreement? Absolutely.

I’m going to give you a few tips for negotiating a retainer agreement with a new client, as well as some examples of retainer agreements and how they work. But first, let’s discuss some of the main benefits for clients who sign these types of agreements.

Benefits For Clients Who Agree On A Retainer Fee

If you’re going to close a client on signing a retainer agreement, you should be able to articulate the benefits to them. So, what are some of the benefits of retaining your services?

Think of the retainer contract as a down payment for future services. The retainer secures your services, and your loyalty. As I said earlier, this is beneficial if your skills are in high demand.

The retainer secures your services, and your loyalty. Share on X

The benefits for your clients who retain your services are obvious if you really think about it. I want you to imagine that you are a high income copywriter. Copywriting is your gift, and you have therefore decided to pursue a career as a freelance copywriter.

If a potential client knows they’ll be using your services a lot, because they often need sales newsletters written, brochures written, and press releases written, what should that client do?

The answer is obvious: Put you on retainer. This way, they won’t have to contact you to get a quote every time they need something written.

Instead, they can simply pick up the phone, call you, and get you going on writing it for them right away. You’re on retainer, so of course you’ll get going right away, as soon as they need something written up.

It’s easier for you, and it’s also easier for the client.

You can position your monthly retainer as a necessary recurring payment to ensure that the client gets your time, easy access to your services, your dedication and your ongoing loyalty.

For example, if one of their competitors wants to hire you, you’re less likely to be swayed if you’re already on retainer with your client.

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You can position your monthly retainer as a necessary recurring payment to ensure that the client gets your time, easy access to your services, your dedication and your ongoing loyalty. Share on X

Preventing talent poaching is a real motivator for clients to sign a formal agreement.

If your client is automatically paying you a monthly retainer fee, you will be much less likely to be poached by one of their competitors.

You can offer your clients extra services that you reserve for your retainer clients, such as a few hours of consulting each month, monitoring services if they have active marketing campaigns that need tracking, media outreach on their behalf, and more.

Your clients will also get the most value from your services if they use them every month on an ongoing basis, and monthly retainer agreements encourage clients to do this.

Benefits For Freelancers Getting Paid Via Retainer

A monthly or annual retainer fee is the ideal way to get paid if you want to succeed in the freelance economy, for many reasons.

First of all, it’s guaranteed income, and it’s often set up as guaranteed steady income.

This reduces the uncertainty when it comes to cash flow, budgeting, and your monthly income.

Additionally, it’ll make your life easier when you no longer have to remember to invoice your clients, and it’s also nice to no longer have to chase clients for payment.

Using retainer agreements as your payment model will help you sleep better at night. It’s a very comfortable and safe position to be in as a freelancer.

Once you start using retainer agreements as your payment model, you’ll wonder how you ever survived without them. You’ll wonder why you didn’t think of this sooner. Share on X

If you used to have a traditional 9-5 job, you probably took for granted the predictability of automatically getting paid every two weeks.

The reality is that most freelancers don’t know when they’re going to get paid for their work. It’s simply not very predictable when you’re a freelancer. But retainer agreements change everything.

With retainer fees in place, predictable payment is a perk the freelancer reclaims.

With a retainer agreement and automated payments in place, you’ll become more motivated to dedicate your time to your clients. It encourages the client not to go dormant on you, and it also encourages you not to go dormant on them.

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Financial freedom is the number one benefit of having clients on retainer agreements.

No longer will you have thousands of dollars in unpaid invoices, putting limits on the way you live your life while you wait to get paid.

No longer will you be scrambling to get invoices paid in time for your rent and other fixed monthly expenses to come out of your account.

If you need funds to book a vacation or make a big purchase, you’ll already have those funds available, and you won’t have to wait to get paid first.

Once you have that financial freedom gained from securing a few retainer clients, your life will get much easier, and your business will grow.

Let’s say you have three clients on retainer. All three of them pay you an agreed-upon lump sum on the 1st of each month.

One of them pays you $2,000 per month, one of them pays you $3,000 per month, and one of them pays you $5,000 per month.

You now have $10,000 per month of guaranteed income.

Receiving these lump sum payments each and every month in the form of retainer fees, exactly when you are expecting them, helps you budget and grow your business.

Financial freedom is the number one benefit of having clients on retainer agreements. No longer will you have thousands of dollars in unpaid invoices, putting limits on the way you live your life while you wait to get paid. Share on X

Which Clients are Good Candidates for Retainer Agreements?

If a client will indisputably have an ongoing need for your services, then they’re a great candidate for a retainer agreement.

Your client might have a blog that needs new content on a weekly basis, social media accounts that need daily post, monthly marketing initiatives that need to be written and monitored, or a bi-weekly newsletter that must be compelling and engaging.

Any client who is looking to grow their business, and needs monthly upkeep and monthly services in order to grow their business is a good candidate for a retainer agreement.

As long as the client is willing to set aside a certain budget – a fixed monthly fee – for the purpose of meeting their growth goals, they should be open to paying an ongoing retainer fee.

If a client will indisputably have an ongoing need for your services, then they’re a great candidate for a retainer agreement. Share on X

How To Negotiate a Retainer with New Clients: Why Should They Pre-Pay Before Seeing Results? 

With new clients, you’ll have to be able to intelligibly communicate your value in order to convince them to pre-pay before seeing results. Perhaps you have client testimonial videos you can show your new clients, or reference letters from past clients.

It is possible to convince a new client to sign a retainer agreement, but first you’ll have to make your client feel comfortable and confident.

To make your client feel comfortable with this type of payment model, you’ll have to have established some rapport with them first, either via phone conversations or a couple of in-person meetings.

You’ll also have to exude confidence and clearly lay out what your value is. What will you be offering them each month? What will your monthly deliverables be?

A big reason why some clients are willing to pre-pay before seeing results is if your specific set of skills are not only in demand, but also exactly what they’re looking for.

You can explain to a potential client that your services are in high demand, and because of the limited space in your schedule, you’re currently only taking on retainer clients.

Before you try to close a new client on a retainer agreement, take some time to identify what some of their current pain points and challenges are.

From there, you should clearly communicate exactly how your services can help solve these problems, and why.

Types of Services That Would Be Most Efficient Under a Retainer

There are certain freelancers who have an easier time landing retainer clients than others because the service they offer is a type of service that would be most efficient under a retainer agreement. This is typical because it is a service that requires ongoing work or ongoing maintenance.

Social Media Managers, for example, offer a service that requires consistent monthly effort.

A monthly retainer would make sense because they need to post several times per week on their client’s social media pages, monitor social media marketing campaigns, and consistently engage with the community to attract followers.

Content Writers who write for company blogs on a freelance basis could easily get retainer agreements signed since most of their clients require a certain number of blog posts per month on an ongoing basis.

If the client knows their blog needs a set number of posts per month, they won’t mind retaining their writer’s services if that writer consistently produces great content.

Copywriting is another service that typically requires ongoing work each month, and is therefore well-suited for retainer agreements. High income copywriters offer various services that are required on an ongoing basis.

These services include writing advertising copy, press releases, newsletters, direct copy for marketing materials, copy for brochures, and website copy.

Website maintenance services are also required monthly, on an ongoing basis, which is why many clients wouldn’t argue that it would make sense to retain the services of their website specialist.

Web developers often are retained in case emergency website services are required to quickly get their client’s website back up and running, or to fix website issues quickly.

Those are just a few examples of services that work well on retainer.

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How Much Should a Retainer Fee Be?

How much is a retainer, on average? It depends on what service you are offering.

Freelancers with a high income skill such as website development, Instagram marketing or SEO copywriting could charge their clients a monthly retainer fee of $10,000 per month.

If you’re not quite at an expert level in your industry yet, you might not be able to charge $10,000 per month yet.

How much should your retainer fee be if your skills are good, but not at the expert level yet?

A good rule of thumb is to charge at least $3,000 per month for your retained clients because this way you’ll only need 3 clients to sign retainer agreements in order to earn a six-figure income.

Your goal should be to develop high income skills so that each client is paying a $10,000 per month retainer fee.

Another option is to offer your clients different pricing tiers, where the retainer agreement starts at $3,000 per month, but can be as high as $10,000 per month depending on which tier your client chooses.

Pricing tiers give your client options to add on services that they find valuable.

Let’s take the Social Media Manager’s services as an example.

Tier 1 for $3,000 per month might include content creation, graphic design, daily scheduled posts, and strategic social media promotion.

2nd Tier for $5,000 per month would include everything tier 1 offered, as well as daily community engagement, strategic growth strategies, and marketing campaign monitoring.

Tier 3 for $10,000 per month would include everything tier 1 and 2 offered, as well as influencer outreach, strategic collaborations, partnership agreements, video creation and daily community management.

Your goal should be to develop high income skills so that each client is paying a $10,000 per month retainer fee. Share on X

Common Objections to Retainer Fees

What should you do if a potential client is interested in working with you but hesitant to start things off with a retainer agreement?

The first thing you want to do is find out what their objection is.

Is it about the money? Are they hesitant to fork over that much money in advance, or worried about the high price?

Or, is it about value? Are they unsure of the value, because they haven’t worked with you before? Or, is it about results, and they aren’t sure they’ll get the results they’re hoping for?

If it’s about the money, do not offer them a discount.

Some clients might mistakenly assume that signing a retainer agreement comes with a discount on your services.

As a skilled consultant or contractor, however, you should never offer a discount.

You can offer a special package of different services, but don’t use the word ‘discount’. Offering a discount will only cheapen the perceived value of what you are offering.

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Add value to your offer instead of offering a discount. They will still see this as getting a good deal, but you’ve avoided using language that cheapens your offer.

There are many ways you can add value to your offer, for example by offering additional services.

A freelance content writer, for example, is suddenly more valuable if they offer SEO-friendly content and add their SEO strategies to their writing offer.

When the client starts thinking about the value they’ll be getting, the money they’re spending suddenly starts to matter less. Share on X

You can also say to the client, “Are you looking for a good price, or are you looking for results? My services are in demand, because very few people are as good as I am. So if you don’t want to sign an agreement with me, it’s perfectly ok, but I’m only taking on retainer clients at the moment.”

If the client says they are hesitant because they haven’t seen what kind of results you could produce, my advice is to offer them a trial period.

Not a free trial, because you should never give anything away for free. A trial can involve a one-time payment for the completion of a certain task or project. If the trial goes well, why wouldn’t the client want to continue?

In general, if a client has objections to this payment model, it’s your job to keep reminding them of the various benefits.

Focus on benefits to the client, such as the fact that you’ll now have a set number of hours per month that will be dedicated to them, and they’ll have guaranteed access to your services.

How To Close Clients on The Idea of a Retainer Agreement

How do you sell your client on the payment model of a retainer agreement? Should you propose the idea of a retainer fee via email, in person, or over the phone?

Closing clients in person isn’t always possible, especially if your client lives in a different city.

Don’t worry about that, though. The best way to close clients on paying you via retainer is to first introduce the idea over the phone. Then you will follow up with an email.

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Below is a step-by-step guide for closing your client on a retainer agreement:

Step 1: Schedule a phone call with the decision maker. (There is no point even talking about the idea of a retainer agreement to anyone except for the decision maker.)

Step 2: Before you get on the phone with the decision maker, prepare an answer to the question… “How does a retainer agreement work?”

Step 3: Once you’re on the call with the decision maker… The first thing you’ll ask them is how much work they anticipate over the next 3-6 months. Ask what their goals are for the next 3-6 months. Help them estimate the volume of work that will be required in order to accomplish these goals.

Step 4: Suggest additional monthly services that could be of value to the client… In addition to what they’ve already mentioned they’ll need. Explain that you could offer these services as well.

Step 5: Tell the client that you’ll come up with a flat monthly fee that will cover all these services. Explain that the fee will cover the anticipated volume of work.

Step 6: Explain that what makes the most sense is a retainer agreement where the fee is paid each month. Wait for the client to ask, “How does a retainer agreement work?”

Step 7: Confidently explain how a retainer agreement works, making sure to include all of the benefits to the client. Explain that a monthly retainer agreement means the client is retaining your services. This guarantees access to your time, skills and expertise on an ongoing basis. Remind them of other benefits. They are saving time, getting more of your availability, loyalty and dedication. They are lessening the amount of paperwork, and speeding up the task turnaround time. Getting quotes or purchase orders will no longer be necessary,

Step 8: At this stage, the client will likely ask, “How much will the monthly retainer be?” This is when you explain that you will be sending them an email. They will receive three different monthly retainer fees. Each of which involves different options in terms of workload, monthly tasks, and add-on services.

Step 9: End the call and start working on your email proposal, with three different retainer agreement options for the client to choose from.

Here is an example email template:

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“Hi John,

Further to our earlier phone conversation, I wanted to extend three different retainer agreement options to you. There are three different pricing tiers to choose from, each of which give you access to different services each month.

Based on the challenges you have laid out over the phone, and considering your growth goals for your business… I would suggest going with tier 3. I am confident that tier 3 offers you the most value and therefore the best possible results.

While on retainer, I will be sending you monthly reports. This way you can review the progress we make each month and feel confident that our partnership is valuable.

The retainer agreement will give you guaranteed access to my skills, expertise and dedicated time spent helping you reach your goals.

Please confirm which tier you have chosen, and I’ll send the agreement over.

Cheers!”

How To Keep Your Retained Clients Happy

Encourage your retainer client to clearly lay out their expectations.

What results do they need to see every month, to make their monthly retainer fee a worthwhile expense? Make sure you discuss what the monthly deliverables need to be, in order for the client to be happy.

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For example, let’s say a client is retaining your services as a Social Media Manager.

Perhaps they’re happy to pay your monthly fee as long as they see specific results. This could include a certain number of new followers per month (growth). Or a certain number of post shares per month (engagement). And a certain number of conversions per month (leads from social media that convert to paid clients).

Your client might be too busy to track these results themselves.

However, that doesn’t mean they won’t notice if you fail to inform them that your monthly goals aren’t met. It is your job to keep track of your progress and results.

It is also your job to send your client monthly progress reports. If a client is too preoccupied to ask for reports, it’s still your responsibility to ensure you’re meeting goals.

It is still your job to ensure you’re sending reports. If you don’t, then you will burn bridges with your clients.

Don’t take advantage of clients who give you leniency. That is them trusting you to do what they are paying you to do. Never take a client’s trust for granted.

Summary

If your clients currently only pay you upon project completion, and they often make late payments… It’s time to change your payment model to a retainer agreement.

Negotiating a monthly retainer agreement is the best payment model for freelancers.

Retainer contracts are formal, written agreements made between a freelancer, consultant or independent contractor and their client.

A retainer agreement means that the client is agreeing to pay for your services in advance, thus retaining your services.

A retainer is typically a fixed monthly fee that the client agrees to pay based on an anticipated work volume.

Benefits for clients on retainer.

The retainer secures your services, and your loyalty. This is beneficial to the client if your skills are in high demand.

They might lose you to a different company who was willing to sign a retainer agreement, if they don’t sign one.

Your monthly retainer is necessary to ensure that the client gets your time, easy access to your services, dedication and your ongoing loyalty.

Which clients are good candidates for retainer agreements?

If a client will have an ongoing need for your services, then they’re a great candidate for a retainer agreement.

A client will be open to a retainer agreement if they want to achieve certain business goals. They are looking to grow their business, and are willing to set aside a certain fixed budget per month.

Yes, you can propose a retainer agreement to new clients.

With new clients, you’ll need to communicate your value in order to get them to pre-pay before seeing results.

You’ll have to make your client feel comfortable and confident with this payment model.

Confidently lay out what your value is. What will you be offering them each month? What will your monthly deliverables be?

Benefits of retainer payments?

Financial freedom is the number one benefit of having clients on retainer agreements. No longer will you have thousands of dollars in unpaid invoices. No more limits on how you live your life while waiting to get paid. It’s a very comfortable position to be in as a freelancer.

It is possible to close new clients on retainer agreements, which is the most ideal payment model for freelancers. Start getting paid on your terms, and you’ll get that much closer to financial freedom.

Learn How To Close More Deals On Your Terms

You deserve to be paid for your work on your terms. You deserve to be paid in advance and retained instead of chasing clients to pay their invoices.

It can be challenging to close deals on your terms sometimes, though. It’s not always easy to close a client on the idea of a retainer agreement.

Sales skills and expert closing skills are required to get retainer contracts signed.

With practice, you too can close more deals on your terms.

How Disney Movies Are Driving Sales And Breaking World Records Using Nostalgia Marketing

Is there any feeling more heart-warming than that of settling down to watch one of your favourite Disney movies from childhood? There are two things that might feel even better: Watching a clever and entertaining remake of your favorite childhood classic, and making billions of dollars.

Disney is doing it right, having made over $2 billion off remakes in the first seven months of 2019 alone, with the three live-action remakes of Disney classics released this year. Dumbo grossed over $350 million since its March 2019 release.

May’s remake of Aladdin has grossed over $1 billion, and even features A-list actor Will Smith as the genie. Most recently, July’s The Lion King (a remake of the 1994 classic film) has already grossed a whopping $1 billion in less than 3 weeks.

Did you know that Disney actually broke a world record this year, with their colossal box office sales? Before we get to that, Let’s talk in general terms for a minute.

In general, very few films will ever earn $1 billion at the box office, and yet Disney has already done it four times in 2019 alone. That’s right: The Lion King is Disney’s fourth billion-dollar film this year.

Other Disney films that have grossed $1 billion at the box office this year include Avengers: Endgame, Captain Marvel and Disney’s live action remake of Aladdin.

The impressive sales from Disney movie remakes this year is not a fluke. Disney has been thriving on this business strategy of nostalgia marketing for several years now. 2010’s Alice in Wonderland, 2016’s The Jungle Book and 2017’s Beauty and the Beast each earned over $1 billion.

Remember what I said earlier, about how rare it is for any movie to cross that $1 billion mark? It really makes you wonder what Disney’s secret formula is.

In less than a decade, Disney has amassed more than $7 billion in revenue from its remakes of classic Disney movies. Share on X

If you include Disney’s other productions, such as their film adaptations of childhood comics, then Disney has actually amassed over $7 billion at the box office this year alone. It isn’t just the box office where Disney scores, though.

Revenue also streams in from cross-promotion with other brands and through related Disney products such as toys, food, and clothing with trademarked images of popular Disney characters.

Selling a Feeling

Let me ask you something: What do you think the secret to Disney’s success is? You probably already know that successful marketing involves selling a feeling. Lately, it seems like selling the feeling of nostalgia is the path to success. This is what’s known as nostalgia marketing, and believe me, it works.

So, what do products that evoke emotion and nostalgia (such as a remake of a beloved childhood classic) actually accomplish?

These products produce gratifying emotional experiences that drive customer loyalty, positive perceptions of the brand, and lots of purchases. 

Nostalgia marketing appeals to our wish to return to an easier, simpler time with less responsibilities and more acceptance. Disney has been capitalizing on this emotional desire by bringing audiences films that connect us to our past while providing a modern spin for novelty and entertainment value.

With Disney looking ahead to a full slate of remakes in the near future, let’s explore why nostalgia marketing is so lucrative, and how this strategy could be used in other industries, by other companies:

Disney: King of the Box Office

The sheer genius of Disney’s marketing strategy is proven in its record-breaking box office sales. The Lion King, released July 19th of this year, was the highest domestic opening for a Disney remake so far, beating out Disney’s past mega-successes like Beauty and the Beast.

Disney didn’t just beat itself – The Lion King was in fact the biggest July film opening of all time. It is no surprise that Disney plans to continue with this strategy of nostalgia marketing.

Remakes in the works include: a sequel to Maleficent coming out later this year, a reboot of Mulan, and then there’s Cruella which is based on the Disney classic 101 Dalmatians set for next year. Remakes of Pinocchio, The Little Mermaid, Peter Pan, and others are also in progress.

The Lion King - Disney Movies and Nostalgia Marketing
Image Sources: Stumbli.com and Disney.es

Disney is using a brilliant combination of nostalgic stories, celebrity actors and voice actors, and multi-level marketing to soar to the top of the box office.

The strategy of reviving classics works by creating an ongoing relationship of customer loyalty through nostalgia is working.

Audiences want to share these classic and re-made films with others, and re-live these cherished stories and characters through the modern remakes as well as through products and experiences like Disneyland.

Movie remakes pull at the heartstrings of many.

For example, there are Gen X parents who grew up watching the classic versions of these films. Parents will want to bring their children to see the remake, to enjoy a shared experience and show their children the stories they loved as a child.

Millennials, on the other hand, still remember the childhood classics fondly, and they get to re-live it when Disney releases a remake, which is exciting for them.

Some millennials not only watched the original version of the films over and over again as children, but even dressed up as their favorite Disney characters for Halloween, whether they dressed up as Aladdin or Princess Jasmine from Aladdin or Belle from Beauty and the Beast. It doesn’t get much more nostalgic than that.

For younger viewers, these remakes could be their first exposure to the brand and story, and the nostalgic aspect may be lost on them, but they can still be aware of the hype of memory and sentimentality from those who do remember the originals.

In this way, remakes can appeal to multiple generations and be a shared collective experience within families and society.

The key to Disney’s use of nostalgia marketing is that they are doing more than simply repackaging the original movie.

They are creating a modern and engaging new experience with the incredible digital animation technology available today.

And because a little Beyonce makes everything better, Disney’s use of high-profile celebrity actors and voice actors is adding to the hype and excitement.

Sean Bailey, co-President of Disney, told Vulture magazine in 2017 “Maybe if there’s a way to reconnect with that affinity for what those characters mean to people in a way that gets the best talent and uses the best technology, that could become something really exciting. It feels very Disney, playing to the competitive advantages of this label.”

There is no doubt that Disney’s approach is working: the 11 remakes that they have made since 2010 have grossed over 7 billion dollars.

Who Loves Remakes, and Does Anyone Hate Them?

We can imagine that Disney is more than pleased with their profits, but how is the public responding to this slate of remakes? The answer is mixed, because where there is love and excitement, there are always haters as well. Given the box office successes, it is obvious that huge numbers of the population are eager to fork over their hard-earned dollars to see these new reboots.

The movie industry isn’t what it used to be, with the increasing cost of movie tickets and the competition from Netflix and other streaming services, but people seem to be keen on seeing Disney movie remakes in theatres.

Clearly the ticket sales speak to a great deal of public enthusiasm, but why? For many, there is a thrill in getting to see an updated version of a classic, re-imagined with celebrities they know and love as well as eye-popping 3D animation.

So, what are the haters saying?

We can’t acknowledge the enthusiasm without acknowledging the hate, since every brand will have its haters. In Disney’s case, some people are more skeptical about the trend of remakes, seeing it as a cynical ploy by Disney to make easy money by rehashing tested and true stories rather than taking the risk of coming up with new content.

One fan writes about The Lion King remake, “the rhythms of African drums were drowned out by the sound of Disney cashing checks” and later said they were left feeling used for their fandom.

Much of the fan backlash centers around this sense that Disney is being “lazy” and that remakes are just a cash grab. Some disappointed fans on Reddit have complained, ”the lack of new, original ideas is frightening”.

Others have defended Disney, or at least pointed out that the trend of remakes in not surprising, as ”Disney has always been about adapting, not making original content.

This is just them doing what they always have done.” Another Reddit user points out how many classic Disney films like Alice in Wonderland were not original to begin with, and were adaptations of old legends and folktales.

In other words: modernizing, repurposing and enhancing old stories is nothing new for Disney, and it’s indisputable that this strategy works.

Many of Disney’s ‘haters’ still did fork over their money to see the remake simply out of curiosity – and therefore added to Disney’s profits. Go figure.

Aladdin - Disney Movies and Nostalgia Marketing
Image Sources: HellHorror.com and iMDB.com

The Role of Emotion in Your Purchasing Decisions

Let’s talk about emotion, and the role it plays in your decision to actually make a purchase. When you make a decision to buy a product, or to buy a ticket to see a film in theatres, what do you think influences your decision-making process?

Many of us see ourselves as being rational actors, making our choices from a thoughtful, calculated place. It may come as some surprise then, that according to a recent study by neuroscientist Antonion Damasio, approximately 85 percent of our decisions are driven by emotion.

If you were to look back at the purchasing decisions you made this week, in hindsight you might realize the emotional forces that were unconsciously at work. You might even recognize exactly which emotions were at play when you were making certain purchases.

If 85 percent of our decisions are driven by emotion, then it makes perfect sense why Disney’s strategy of nostalgia marketing works. Share on X

This statistic from Damasio shows us something very important: In order for marketing to be persuasive, it will require an emotional trigger.

In light of this, successful marketers in any business must know how to tap into the emotional states of their target customers, because pressing a prospect’s emotional buttons could result in a sale.

For a customer to be willing to purchase a product, spend a higher price on a different product, or purchase it repeatedly and become a loyal customer, it is essential to build an emotional connection to the product or brand.

According to a 2016 study from Ju, I., Kim, J., Chang, M. J., & Bluck, S. entitled Nostalgic marketing, perceived self-continuity, and consumer decisions, experiential marketing uses atmosphere and associated emotions to sell a product, rather than just relying on the material or quantifiable properties of the product itself.

While emotional in general is the primary driver in purchasing decisions, one emotion in particular has come to attention as a marketing powerhouse: nostalgia.

Nostalgia: A Powerful Emotional Driver in Today’s Marketplace

Have you ever noticed that some of your favourite songs – the ones that evoke the most emotion when you hear them – happen to be the songs you loved in your teens or early 20s, rather than your latest modern favorites? Despite having perhaps discovered “better” music since adolescence, for some of us nothing beats how we feel when we hear a classic hit from the ’90s.

This emotional response makes sense, based on the research into nostalgia from Psychologist Petr Janata, who in an interview with Slate, stated that our musical preferences are “consolidated into the especially emotional memories from our formative years.”

Our favourites and tastes are formed as a teenager and young adult, so products that harken back to that time of life are most likely to create a positive emotional state and draw us towards the brand.

Nostalgia Marketing

For millennials who grew up in the 1990s and early 2000s, any product or entertainment that reminds them of that era will evoke nostalgia and positive feelings.

This explains why Disney films like The Lion King, Aladdin, and The Jungle Book (all of which were originally released in the mid-1990s) will appeal to millenials and younger Gen-Xers as remakes today.

If you remember watching these Disney classics as a child, then even just seeing the trailer of the remake might bring you back to a Friday night when your parents let you eat pizza in your pajamas and watch The Lion King with your friends. This is how nostalgia marketing works.

Nostalgia marketing aims to remind you of your youth, a simpler time, and it stirs up the longing for the feelings you associate with that time: Safety, belonging, connection, hope and joy.

Is it any wonder why these nostalgic Disney films and products are so enticing?

You might still be wondering exactly how nostalgia works so effectively as a marketing strategy. An increasing amount of research has been done on this exact question.

Nostalgic products bring up a sense of what Hartmann and Brunk’s research from 2019 Nostalgia marketing and (re-)enchantment refer to as “a sense of enchantment” meaning exciting, magical feelings that can be irresistible to consumers.

Feelings of nostalgia arise from sounds, smells, sights, and tastes associated with past times.

Nostalgic marketing directs people to products that can transport them back in time. It’s this alluring sense of being sent back to an easier time or returning home that holds such power.

Part of the power of nostalgia is that it contributes to our sense of personal continuity, a positive feeling that our self-identity is still connected to our past. When we see a film or buy a product that reminds us of our childhood, we feel this positive continuation of a sense of self and identity.

The 2016 study from Ju, I., Kim, J., Chang, M. J., & Bluck, S. entitled Nostalgic marketing, perceived self-continuity, and consumer decisions showed that advertisements appealing to a nostalgic past “led to more favorable ratings of brand attitude and greater intent to purchase the product” – results which were seen regardless of the type of product.

Have you ever wondered why seeing or buying something that evokes nostalgia makes you feel better, or why you feel warm and fuzzy inside?

When feeling lonely and disconnected, nostalgia-inducing products and experiences can counteract feelings of loneliness and disconnection, by linking us to a time and experience that we know is enjoyed by others and was also enjoyed… Share on X

A retro product or a remake of a childhood classic film can give us a hit of this sense of belonging, peace, and joy.

According to nostalgia expert Dr. Wijnand van Tilburg, nostalgia marketing works for  “people who lack in the moment a sense of belonging, or feel a bit meaningless.”

Nostalgia marketing may be especially effective for millenials, many of whom are feeling disconnected, anxious, and long for a sense of comfort and belonging.

Products that link us to our positive memories inspire stronger emotions, which as we’ve learned drive our buying decisions.

We often look back on the past more positively, and those childhood memories can distract us from real-life stressors by bringing about a sense of comfort, peace and security when we are anxious or uncertain about the future, as well as an escape from feeling lost or stressed in the present.

Benoit Wiesser, the Chief Strategy Officer for Ogilvy, was quoted in the Business Times explaining that nostalgia works by “tapping into a tension that people feel, and giving them a slice of the past to soothe them.” 

Not Just Disney: The Wave of Nostalgia and Retro Trends in Today’s Entertainment World

How do we explain the ongoing success of Friends or that it’s still one of the most popular shows streamed on Netflix even amongst its modern-day competitors? Or, how about the level of interest in TV shows like Stranger Things set in the ’80s and ’90s? Throwback entertainment that is nostalgic for Millenials and Gen X-ers is everywhere we look.

Disney is not the only company capitalizing on the power of positive past memories or nostalgic associations.

Many other film remakes have been wildly profitable lately, including Blade Runner and Jurassic Park, not to mention the ultra-successful empire of comic book film adaptations and reboots such as Spiderman and Batman. Of the top ten grossing films in 2016, eight of them were reboots or connected to a pre-existing franchise.

Other reboots of TV shows such as 90210 and Twin Peaks have been very successful as well.

Beyond the screen, nostalgia also works powerfully in music. Bands such as Backstreet Boys and The Smashing Pumpkins have had majorly successful reunion tours that sell out and excite fans who grew up listening to their music.

What Other Industries Capitalize On Nostalgia Marketing, Besides Entertainment?

Entertainment isn’t the only industry where a throwback goes a long way. Pepsi and Coca-Cola have experimented with re-creating their old designs and bottles, and these brands have certainly found that it pays to throw it back to old school designs.

Ask yourself this: When you suddenly saw the vintage-looking glass bottles of Coca-Cola in stores, did that evoke a sense of nostalgia or a desire to buy coke?

Nostalgia Marketing

Pokemon Go capitalized on the nostalgia of Millennials who grew up playing Pokemon. Nintendo has relaunched and sold out a reboot of its 1980s classic console. Whatever industry you’re in, nostalgia marketing could probably work for you, too.

Schiemer and Carlson’s 2017 research in Nostalgia, irony and collectivity in late-modern culture: The ritual watching of The Disney Christmas Show in Scandinavia found that there has also been a resurgence in retro culture, with renewed interest in products like vinyl records, polaroid cameras, and the cars and fashion of bygone eras.

For Boomers and Gen X-ers these retro products could be personal nostalgia, as they have individual memories associated with them. For Millenials, the interest may stem from what is called historical nostalgia: a curiosity about an era they weren’t a part of, or a longing to be transported back to a different time.

It could also be a form of nostalgia that is more playful or ironic, where we find humour in the objects and fashions of the past. (Schiermer & Carlsen, 2017.)

How Can Your Business Take Advantage of the Power of Nostalgia?

Now that you know how nostalgia marketing works and how well it is working for Disney, the next question is: how can the rest of us capitalize on this phenomenon?

The lesson of Disney and some of the fan backlash demonstrates the importance of being genuine in your approach, or risk the perception of using nostalgia as a cash grab or out of creative laziness.

If you are attempting to drive sales using nostalgia, you should be careful with the tone you strike in using it. If it is overdone, then audiences and consumers will see through it and be turned off.

The key to using nostalgia is taking what is beloved from the past and subtly finding a way to harness those positive memories, while providing a product or experience that is still inventive and rewarding. Share on X

Success comes not just from invoking any material or object from the past. It is essential to understand your demographic – what were they watching, playing with, listening to, and wearing in their formative years when preferences were developed?

There are no doubt many more products from the past few decades that are untapped nostalgic potential for creative marketers.

Savvy marketers will know how to use the ThrowBack Thursday and FlashBack Friday (#TBT and #FBF) hashtags on social media to promote their retro or nostalgic products, and tap into online trends.

Designs, logos, and slogans from the past can be used to stir up the ‘good old days’ memories of consumers. In general, brand logos with a retro design could generate positive emotions on their own, without even seeing what the product is yet.

Summary

Disney broke a world record in box office sales this year, and it’s largely to do with its nostalgia marketing strategy, involving the remakes of classic Disney movies.

The decision to buy something is largely driven by emotion, and nostalgia is an example of a positive emotion that influences purchasing decisions.

It’s really simple, isn’t it? We want to buy what we think will make us comfortable and happy.

Brands that can draw us in with nostalgia result in us connecting their products with our past memories and our more positive sense of self.

Brands like Disney that have mastered the strategy of nostalgia marketing are reaping the rewards in sales and brand loyalty.

Often when we think of business, we think of brand new ideas. The research into and demonstrated the success of nostalgia marketing shows us that with some creativity and strategy, past sentiments can be great for business.

5 Stages Of Market Sophistication: How To Stand Out From The Competition

Photo credits: rvlsoft / Shutterstock.comAnton_Ivanov / Shutterstock.com and Paolo Bona / Shutterstock.com

Isn’t it true that someone who has bought a smartphone will be more skeptical and demanding than someone who has never owned one before?

Your experienced cell phone owner will have a lot more questions and objections than your first time phone owner. So how can you as an entrepreneur, a business owner, communicate a marketing message that speaks to your customer, depending on their experience level with a type of product?

This is the biggest challenge that most entrepreneurs face when communicating a message: they don’t understand the five stages of market sophistication. They communicate exactly the same way with their customers regardless if it’s stage one or stage five. So what do I mean by the five stages?

These are a way of describing the amount of experience a customer has with a product, such as a cellphone. Once you see the distinction in the five levels, you see why the typical marketing message – one-size fits all message for everyone – doesn’t work.

Let’s take a look at the five stages of market sophistication and how applying these levels will distinguish you from your competition.

Watch this video about the five stages of market sophistication.

Eugene Schwartz: How To Make Yourself Number One

One of the greatest copywriters back then, Eugene Schwartz, came up with the market sophistication concept. He wrote a book called Breakthrough Advertising, which I would say is one of my top three marketing books that I have in my library. It’s out of print, but I think I brought mine for $500 on Amazon.

Here’s the key to Schwartz’s concept. You must market your product or service depending on what stage of sophistication your market is currently in.

By “stage of sophistication,” I’m talking about how long that type of product or service has been around, how many competitors you have, and whether your customers are jaded.

It’s important to understand market sophistication because you always want to aim to be number one or number two in the marketplace. It doesn’t mean you have to be the highest quality. Instead, perception is more important than reality. What does that mean?

You’ll notice that in any category, any industry, the top one or two people or companies make the most money. In fact, the top 10% of any industry make 90% of the money. And 90% of the business owners make 10% of the money in any industry.

It doesn’t matter if what you sell is a product or service, but you should aim to be number one or number two, even if you have to create your own category. For example, instead of calling yourself the “number one realtor in the universe” or the “number one realtor in Vancouver,” narrow down the category and become “the number one expert in this neighborhood.”

The Advantage Of Being First

Being first has a huge advantage. Have you seen those cola blindfolded taste tests for Coca Cola versus Pepsi? You’re supposed to guess which drink sample tastes better. Pepsi is always saying, “Seven out of 10 say our cola tastes better than Coca Cola.”

However, it doesn’t matter. Pepsi will never beat Coca Cola because Coca Cola was on the market first. When you think of cola, you think of Coke, you don’t think of Pepsi.

Because they knew the competition was too fierce, Red Bull decided not to compete with Coca Cola. They went for the first market advantage in the new energy drink market, and they promoted themselves in that category.

Red Bull started with the saying, “Red Bull gives you wings.” Then they stopped focusing on this message when more energy drinks came on the market. Now, they sponsor extreme sports events. The brand has evolved and they have more attitude.

They’ve evolved through the stages of marketing sophistication, which began at stage one when they simply announced themselves to the marketplace.

Stage 1: Announcing Your Arrival To the Marketplace

At the first stage, you are simply saying, “Hello market. I’m here!” You’re very simple and very direct with your message.

It’s similar to saying, “Hey, I’m a mortgage broker. I’m a real estate agent. I am a grand master. I’m an accountant.”

At stage one, the marketplace hasn’t seen this type of product or service before. A simple, short announcement will suffice. And since you have very little competition, your innovation is enough to capture the market.

For example, a simple, direct message can be, “Hello, my business is _____. My market is_____. I do this_____. So buy from me.”

An example of stage one advertising is a full page ad in a print publication for a weight loss supplement. The message is basically take this pill and you lose weight. They say, “I’ve got this pill. Take it and you lose weight.” Very simple and direct.

Another example is a computer ad from many years ago. It said, “Personal computer for under $200.” It’s a simple and direct message. It’s not an iPad but back then, a computer for $200 was already a big selling feature.

Then, as the market evolves, your marketing needs to evolve too.

Stage 2: Features, Benefits And Claims

At stage two, you’re getting more competition, so your direct claim isn’t enough. You need to outbid your competition with features. Now you’ve got to communicate with the marketplace why your product or service is better.

You need to take your original claims and your promise and enlarge them. You need to explain exactly what it is that makes you better.

Here’s the weight loss example again. It says, “Take this pill and you lose weight in seven days or less.” You’re more specific about the timeframe. It’s not enough to just say the customer will lose weight.

Here’s an example from Apple. They are saying every child should have an apple after school. They also say, the Apple computer “is easy to set up and learn, and it comes complete with almost everything you need to start computing in one box including a free easy to use course.”

It also has 128K of internal memory and built-in hard drive. Back then, it was a huge deal to have that much memory. That made the Apple as powerful as the average office computer!

At stage two, the descriptions of your product or service are longer, the market is more sophisticated, and you need to explain more than why you’re better than the competition.

Stage 3: How Does It Work?

At this stage, you’re telling the marketplace more than what you have and why you’re better than the others. You’re explaining how your product or service works.

Consumers are getting more skeptical by stage three. They’ve become more jaded from exaggerated claims made by the growing group of your competitors, selling pretty much the same thing as you.

To get ahead of the competition, you need to get a new mechanism to make the old promise work. What does that mean?

It means you need to reframe it. You’re saying, “Hey, here’s what we do, here’s how we’re different.” Then you’re adding one piece of information that the customer might not know about what you do, and you tie it back to your claim.

Here’s an example. “Take this pill that blocks the absorption of fat in your intestines, and you lose weight in seven days or less.” You’re now backing up the claim with a mechanism, not just, “Here’s the benefit, but let me tell you what makes this pill different because this pill blocks the absorption of fat in your intestines. That’s what makes this different from the other pills.”

Brands that enter into a saturated market need to already need be at this level. To get to stage four, you must focus on defeating the competition.

Stage 4: Crush Your Competition

At this stage, it gets more competitive. There are so many choices out there with people doing similar things as you. So now not only do you have to promise more benefits than your competitor, you need yet another mechanism.

These days, the internet is making it easier for entrepreneurs to start their business. But with market saturation and massive competition, it’s much harder to gain visibility. Some experienced entrepreneurs are charging barely anything just to get a customer.

The barrier of entry is also easier to start but it’s more difficult and takes more skill and money to succeed. That means the strong will survive and the weak will fade away.

I like that competitive environment. To stand out, a new mechanism must be created that is believable and significant by your market and you must promise more benefits. At this point, your prospects have heard it all and competitors start dropping out like flies.

Let’s return to the computer example. At the early stages, when personal computers were getting more competitive, Steve Jobs asked, “What makes it tick and talk?” That was the new mechanism. A computer that freaking talks.

Only one thing was needed to differentiate their computer from everybody else, and that one thing put them in the headlines.

At stage four, they had the Apple versus PC ads. Apple was for the cool guys. They were the cool bunch. At the time, they claimed, “Last year there were more than 114,000 viruses for PCs not for Macs.” It was a direct claim to say PC sucked and they were better.

By stage four, the competition is getting fierce. If you want to distinguish yourself from your competition at this point, then you must evolve to stage five.

Stage 5: Become Iconic

You don’t want to be just one in the marketplace. You want to be the one.

The marketplace place knows so much about the industry, they won’t buy into whatever you have to claim or hard sell anymore. They’re just so skeptical. This is where you sell on how your brand services only specific types of people and you encourage them to buy into the exclusivity.

You’ve heard the question before: are you a Mac person or a PC person? It’s usually half and half when you survey a random crowd of people. Both products serve a certain segment of the marketplace.

Macs for artists and designers and cool people. PCs for geeks and nerds and gamers and corporate. Microsoft office for businesses. As you can see, it’s two very distinct markets.

You’ve got to be clear which market you’re going after. There’s a shift from features to identifying who your customer is, who you serve, and who your product is for.

Remember when Steve Jobs introduced the first iPhone? “It’s an iPod, it’s a phone, it has internet.” People were freaked out. They didn’t realize you could have all that in one device.

That’s iconic. The product is totally different and made history.

Here’s another example using diet pills. “Super powerful diet pills make comeback. They’re flying off the shelf, but they’re not for everyone.” The exclusivity makes people wonder who they are for. They also want to know why they are flying off the shelves and why the pills are selling so well.

Final Thoughts On The Five Stages Of Market Sophistication

In the marketplace, there is a tremendous advantage to being first. You don’t have as much competition, it’s easier to be number one, and your customers are more easily wowed by what you have to show them.

As more competition enters the market with similar products and services, you will need to talk about your features and benefits. It’s not enough to say that you exist. When an increase in similar products and services enter the marketplace, your customers will become more skeptical.

At that stage, you must explain how your product works. To defeat your competition and stand out from them, you must introduce a new mechanism. How is your product or service different from the rest? And finally, at stage five, you become iconic. Customers buy your product or service for the exclusivity.

Which ad do you consider iconic? Comment below.

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How To Read People: Mastering the Winning Edge In Negotiations

Many people have hurt loved ones and lost business deals because they misunderstood or misread important cues. But what if you could strip away the masks that people wear and decode the real meaning in their words so these situations don’t happen?

If you could strip away the masks, wouldn’t business deals be so much easier to complete? You see, one of the most valuable skills that you can master in life and in business is the ability to read people. It will give you the winning edge in mastering negotiations, in business and in life.

I have the ability to read people because I meet so many people every single day. I’ve met thousands and thousands of people face-to-face.

Today I’m going to teach you some of the fundamentals on how to read people that will help you in business and in all areas of your life.

First, let’s define reading people. It’s by observing people, sometimes from a distance and knowing something about them, such as getting a feeling without them telling you. The way they talk, the way they walk, the way they stand.

It’s important to know these things because if you’re in sales, business, or negotiations, you want to have that upper edge when it comes to negotiating with or influencing them. This also applies to relationships with family. If you can read them, you have an advantage.

Watch this video about how to read people in business and in life.

Clue 1: Reading Their Eye Movement

Let’s begin with the body part that’s a natural truth and lie revealer. When you’re talking with people, look where their eye movement goes. Here’s a very simple example.

If someone is afraid to make direct eye contact with you, and they’re looking down, it’s like they are hiding. They don’t want to make eye contact. They may also be shy or intimidated.

If they’re looking at the top left corner, it means they are trying to remember something. For example, if you ask them, “Who is your best friend from high school?” and they look to their left, you know they are probably telling the truth.

If they’re looking to the top right corner, they are constructing an image. It doesn’t necessarily mean they are lying, it’s more like they’re visualizing something. For visual people, when you’re getting them to picture a concept, structure, or process, you might see them looking to the right.

If they are looking at the bottom left corner, it means they are having an internal dialogue. You could be disagreeing with the person. It could be their beliefs are different than what they’re hearing and they’re conflicted.

So if you give them a piece of advice and they’re looking to the left, chances are they are disagreeing. You’re challenging their beliefs.

If they are looking at the bottom right corner, they are digging into some deep feelings and emotions and trying to create a sensory experience. For example, they could be imagining the wind in their hair as they cruise the highway in their first convertible.

The eyes have an abundance of information about a person, but what if they are too far away for you to see their eyes? Their distance from you gives clues as well.

Eye movement gives you clues about what someone is thinking.

 

 

Clue 2: Reading People’s Distance

When you’re communicating with someone and they are far away, it means they aren’t listening and they aren’t interested in what you have to say.

If they’re getting closer and closer as you’re talking to them, it means they are responding positively to what you’re saying to them.

Most of our body language comes from non-verbal gestures such as how close or far you stand from someone. The gestures you are using and whether you wave your hands when you speak all show how expressive you are.

Physical touching also gives important cues. What does it mean if you’re sitting close to your friend and you touch her knee with your hand? What does it mean if you’re sitting close to someone, but that person is your client and you touch her knee?

Our ability to understand non-verbal cues can be the difference between disaster and deep connection. A touch can be offensive if done incorrectly, like a hand on the knee at a business meeting. A touch can be reassuring like a hand on the shoulder after hearing about tragic news. And this awareness doesn’t just apply to one-on-one situations.

More and more business meetings are happening on video screens. You can learn a lot from your observations. If your client is sitting back in his chair and looking at the floor during the meeting, he is sending you a message. You need to change what you’re talking about to get his attention back or lose the deal.

When it comes to communication, 55 percent of what we say is said through our body language. The rest of our communication is through the tone of our voice. Only 7 percent of our message is actually with the words we use.

In fact, if you’re confident in your understanding of body language, you can use it to strike up a wordless dialogue with your clients and build a connection with them.

Clue 3: Reading Someone By Mirroring Them

When you’re talking with someone and you can see they are trying to mirror your body language or copy you, then it means that person is trying to establish some kind of bond with you.

This is something you can do in negotiations. When you’re closing a deal in front of someone and that person sits back and crosses their legs, you can do the exact same thing as well.

It’s like doing a dance. At first, you may be mirroring them, and later you are leading them and they are mirroring you, without even being conscious of it. This is a way to build rapport, but be careful not to do it too obviously.

Clue 4: Reading Arm Movement

Body language will tell you a lot about the other person, but always remember the bigger picture. Let’s go back to the meeting room example. Sometimes, these places have the heat turned down, so people cross their arms to keep warm. In this case, they aren’t reacting to you.

But at other times, if someone has their arms crossed the entire time you’re talking, it means they’re trying to protect themselves. They’re shielding themselves from influence. If they’re more open to what you’re saying by leaning in or putting their hands on their chin, they’re listening to you.

Now, if a person is playing with their hands too much while talking, it actually means, “I like this.” Or when they are thinking, their fingers are tapping. Watch for these gestures. If you’re in the middle of a negotiation, the tapping could mean they are seriously considering your offer.

Clue 5: Reading Leg and Knee Positions

Legs and knees can give you as much information as arms and hands. If someone is nervous, or ADD, or scatterbrained, they’ll bouncing their knee or their leg. Shaking a leg under the table means they are nervous and you have the upper hand.

If you are talking to someone and you can see that they are pointing their knees towards you, they’re interested in what you are saying. That’s great bonding. But if their knees are pointing away from you, that means they want to get out of there. So if their knees and feet are pointing to the exit, it’s time to stop talking.

A person’s body language is like the close-captioning feature on your screen, adding more information to what you’re already hearing. Pay as much attention to a person’s body language as their words if you want to get the entire message.

If you want to bond with someone, do a quick test. If you touch them and they pull back a bit quickly, release, don’t touch. It means it’s no good.

Those are some of the fundamental skills on how to read people. Practice these techniques on your colleagues, friends, business partners, your spouse… and see if they work for you.

Are there other clues you want to know? Comment below.